Discover the origins, meanings, and cultural significance of the phrase 'out and out,' a term denoting thoroughness and completeness, with historical roots dating back to Chaucer's era.
The phrase “out and out” is an adverbial expression used to denote thoroughness or completeness. It conveys the sense of something being done or existing in a manner that is wholly or entirely without reservation or exception.
The origins of “out and out” can be traced back to the Middle English period, around the 14th century. The phrase preserves the archaic meaning of the adverb “out,” which signified “to the conclusion” or “to an end.” This usage is evidenced in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde (circa 1374), where the phrase is employed to emphasize the worthiness of a character: “For out and out he is the worthiest, save only Ector.”
Semantically, “out and out” functions as an intensifier, reinforcing the totality or absoluteness of a statement. It is often used to emphasize the full extent of a quality or condition, whether positive or negative. The phrase can be applied across various contexts to underscore the completeness of an action, characteristic, or state.
In contemporary culture, “out and out” is frequently used in both spoken and written English to stress the thoroughness of a person’s character, actions, or situations. It appears in literature, journalism, and everyday conversation, often to highlight the extremity or purity of a particular trait or circumstance.
In professional contexts, “out and out” may be used to describe the unequivocal success or failure of a project or initiative. Socially, it can emphasize the sincerity or extremity of an individual’s actions or characteristics. In literary contexts, it often serves to underscore the completeness of a character’s virtues or flaws.
The phrase “out and out” remains relevant in modern English, maintaining its utility as a descriptor of totality. Its historical roots and continued use across various contexts contribute to its durability. ★★★★☆
“For out and out he is the worthiest, save only Ector.” - Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde (circa 1374)