Explore the meaning, etymology, and cultural significance of the phrase 'when the sun is over the yardarm,' often associated with permissible times for drinking.
The phrase “when the sun is over the yardarm” refers to the time of day deemed socially acceptable for consuming alcoholic beverages, particularly cocktails. The expression is often employed to suggest that it is an appropriate hour to begin drinking, typically in the afternoon.
The etymology of “when the sun is over the yardarm” can be traced to nautical origins. The yardarm refers to the horizontal spars on a ship’s mast from which sails are set. Traditionally, the phrase indicated the time of day when the sun had risen high enough to be visible above the yardarm, usually in the late afternoon. This was considered an appropriate time for sailors to partake in their daily ration of rum or other spirits. The phrase gained popularity in British naval tradition and later entered civilian vernacular.
In literary usage, the phrase is notably mentioned by Rudyard Kipling in From Sea to Sea (1899): “The American does not drink at meals as a sensible man should. Also, he has no decent notions about the sun being over the yardarm or below the horizon.”
The phrase carries connotations of leisure and social propriety, suggesting a culturally sanctioned time for relaxation and conviviality. While its origins are nautical, its usage has broadened to encompass any situation where one might justify the commencement of drinking. It implies a certain discretion and adherence to social norms regarding alcohol consumption.
In contemporary culture, the phrase is more prevalent in British English than in American English, where its usage has declined. It often appears in literary and conversational contexts to evoke a sense of tradition and formality. The phrase is also employed humorously to justify early afternoon drinking at social gatherings or events.
In professional settings, the phrase may be used metaphorically to suggest the end of the workday or the beginning of leisure time. In literary contexts, it often serves to characterize a scene or set a tone of relaxation and enjoyment. Historically, the phrase was more literal, marking a specific time for sailors to consume their allotted spirits.
The phrase’s contemporary relevance is somewhat limited, primarily retained in British English and among enthusiasts of nautical traditions. Its usage in American English has waned, though it remains recognized for its cultural and historical significance. The phrase’s durability is rated at ★★★☆☆, reflecting its niche but enduring presence.
“The American does not drink at meals as a sensible man should. Also, he has no decent notions about the sun being over the yardarm or below the horizon.” - Rudyard Kipling, From Sea to Sea (1899)